For Campy, the fronts are 9mm thread diameter, and 10mm diameter on the rears. On many older British such as the Hardens, the fronts are 5/16 and the rears are 3/8 mm. Why? Probably the same reason that Campy uses ¼ quarter inch bearing in the rear and smaller bearings in the front.
Ben Sanford
Falls Church, VA
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Fronts are 8mm (the opening of the hole) and rears are 9mm.
Why? Cause The Campagnolo Gods deemed it that way.
Just for the greater forces at the rear guesses me.