For what it is worth, Gipiemme got their start in the business as a contract maker of parts for Campagnolo.....something that Campagnolo vehemently denied...Hovever, back in the 80's, I got a Super Record crankset, new in the box, that I believe never to have been touched by non-Italian hands until mine, that had one chainring bolt labelled "Gipiemme" instead of Campagnolo...you be the judge.... Steve Spielman